新型仿生纳米颗粒用于体外癌症病理诊断

项目名称： 新型仿生纳米颗粒用于体外癌症病理诊断

项目编号： No.81201698

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 肿瘤学1

项目作者： 梁敏敏

作者单位： 中国科学院生物物理研究所

项目金额： 23万元

中文摘要： 高灵敏、高特异的肿瘤诊断试剂是其治愈的关键。本实验室在发现氧化铁纳米颗粒具有类酶活性的基础上（Nature Nanotech 2007, 2:577），利用人体生物矿化原理仿生合成了一种集肿瘤特异识别与显色于一体的双功能癌症诊断试剂-仿生纳米铁蛋白。这种新型仿生纳米铁蛋白由蛋白壳及氧化铁纳米内核组成。其中，蛋白壳主动靶向肿瘤细胞，能够区分正常细胞和癌细胞，氧化铁纳米内核具有类过氧化物酶催化活性，能够同辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)底物反应显色。因此，这种新诊断试剂兼肿瘤识别与显色一步完成，无需一抗、二抗或是HRP等酶或信号分子的标记，与传统的免疫组化相比，具有操作简单、经济、灵敏度高的特点。本项目将在分子、细胞、组织及临床等多个层面全面评价其用于癌症病理诊断的可行性；揭示其肿瘤主动靶向机制，发现肿瘤新靶点；发展新肿瘤组织诊断技术；帮助提升我国肿瘤诊断水平，促进纳米技术和生物医药等领域的交叉融合。

中文关键词： 癌症诊断；仿生纳米粒子；铁蛋白纳米颗粒；免疫组化；

英文摘要： Cancer diagnostic reagent with high sensitivity and specificity is the key to cancer therapy and treatment successfully. We have previously reported that iron oxide nanoparticles exhibit peroxidase activity that can catalyze the oxidation of peroxidase substrates to produce a color reaction, similar to that of natural peroxidases. On the basis of these findings, we biomimetically synthesized a novel magnetoferritin nanoparticles with a iron oxide core encapsulated in a recombinant human ferritin protein shell, which can specifically target and visualize tumour tissues. The protein shell binds specifically to tumour cells, while the iron oxide core exhibits peroxidase activity that visualizes the tumours in the presence of chromogen substrates. Compared with traditional immunohistochemistry which generally involves multi-step incubation of primary antibody, secondary antibody or enzyme labeled third antibody, our novel method employs one step incubation of one reagent since it achieves tumours targeting and visualization in one step. This application intends to use this novel biomimetic nanoparticles for tumour tissues detection. We will systematically investigate the interactions between magnetoferritin nanoparticles and tumor cells, and analyze the sensitivity and specificity of tumour tissue staining. With th

英文关键词： Cancer diagnosis；Biomimetic nanoparticles；Magnetoferritin nanoparticles；Immunohistochemistry；