后选择技术的理论及其在量子信息中的应用

项目名称： 后选择技术的理论及其在量子信息中的应用

项目编号： No.11475084

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 吴盛俊

作者单位： 南京大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 在量子信息、量子光学和量子弱测量等众多研究领域中，后选择技术都被作为一项必不可少的实验技术而引入。在当前国际上的量子物理研究中，后选择的地位变得愈加重要，但是其背后却一直没有系统的理论支撑，本项目正是着眼于此。我们将以在弱测量理论上取得的一系列有趣的结论为基础，从测量理论、量子关联、量子计算与模拟的角度，就后选择过程在量子态演化、量子精密测量、信息与关联的传递等物理过程中的一般性质建立系统的理论，掌握后选择技术的精髓所在，并致力于开发其在量子层析术、量子控制以及其他量子信息处理方面的新应用。我们还将研究后选择对于鬼成像过程的意义，寻求鬼成像更直观的理解，探讨鬼成像过程中的关联问题，寻找提高成像清晰度的方法。此外，我们将基于后选择技术的新理论，从一个不同的角度开展对量子力学基础问题的研究，并对量子生物学中的相关问题进行探索。

中文关键词： 后选择；弱测量理论；量子测量；鬼成像；量子光学

英文摘要： The technique of postselection has been widely used in quantum information science, quantum optics and weak measurements. It is one of the most widely used techniques by experimentalists. However, there has been no systematic study on the technique of postselection, although it becomes more and more important. In this proposed project, with the various applications of postselection in many fields, we shall study the general properties of postselection in information processing, establish a general theory of postselection, seach for its new applications in quantum information science and quantum optics. We shall use many of the interesting results that we have obtained on weak measurements, and shall first try to establish a systematic theory of postselection, then study its applications in quantum tomography and quantum control, and study issues of quantum correlation and quantum measurement in these procedures. We shall also study ghost imaging, search for more intuitive understanding of ghost imaging, study the correlation in this process, and find a way to improve the visibility. Through all these studies, we aim at new applications of postselection in information processing. Based on a new theory of postselection, we shall study the traditional problems in foundations of quantum mechanics and the new problems in quantum biology from a quite different and new perspective.

英文关键词： postselection;weak measurement;quantum measurement;ghost imaging;quantum optics