基于形态特征的世界栅蛛科系统学研究

项目名称： 基于形态特征的世界栅蛛科系统学研究

项目编号： No.31471974

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 生物科学

项目作者： 张志升

作者单位： 西南大学

项目金额： 84万元

中文摘要： 栅蛛以其纺器横向排列成栅栏状而得名，是蜘蛛由地下向地表、再到地上空间进化的重要中间类群。但因个体相对较小、种类偏少而长期未引起蛛形学家的足够重视。目前这一类群已知27属248种，全世界分布，围绕这一类群存在着诸多分类学问题，如物种多样性认识不够、属级阶元混乱、科和亚科界定不清、甚至科的归属也不甚明确等问题。本研究从形态学角度入手，以目前最为清晰的显微摄影、电镜扫描以及手绘图等多种手段相结合，在已有的对中国、北美和南美区系126种栅蛛(含42新种)分类研究的基础之上，首次开展全世界栅蛛的系统学研究：镜检约300种栅蛛(含已知种210种以上)，清理和修订已存在的分类学问题、发现和记述新的物种和属级阶元；梳理栅蛛分类体系；分析栅蛛科内以及与近缘科之间的系统发育关系；并对栅蛛的地理分布和演化进行探讨。

中文关键词： 系统学；修订；系统发育；形态学；生物地理

英文摘要： The comb-tailed spider family Hahniidae is famous as the fense -like transverse arrangement of their spinnerets. It's an important group during the evolution of spiders from underground to the ground and the air. But their bodies often look small or even tiny(0.5-3mm), so this group has been ignored by some arachnologists for a long time. Although the research history of this group is more than 170 years, there are only 27 genera and 248 species recorded from six habitable continents of the world (Platnick, 2014). Three subfamilies were given by Lehtinen (1967), including two subfamilies without the typical arrangement of spinnerets. Now Hahniidae is definitely a polyphyletic group, the relationship of this family with other spider groups is unknown (Coddington, 2005), diagnosis of subfamilies, genera and some species needs to be revised, and the diversity of Hahniidae is still not clear. In this program, we firstly plan to do the most comprehensive research on this group, based on the technology of micro-photography, SEM and manual drawing, an extensive loan of specimens from each continent and a supplementary collection. Our preliminary research has already covered China, North and South America and totally 126 Hahniid species were examined (42 species undescribed). The aims of this program are to check more than 300 Hahniid species (including more than 210 known species), describe new genera and new species, clarify the classification of the whole family throughout the world and make a phylogenetic analysis amongst this family and with other relate families of Amauroboidea and Dictynoidea. Also, the biogeography and evolution of this group will be analyzed after the systematic study motioned above.

英文关键词： systematics;revision;phylogenetics;mophology;biogeography