地面附近云闪电磁环境测量研究

项目名称： 地面附近云闪电磁环境测量研究

项目编号： No.61271106

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 无线电电子学、电信技术

项目作者： 周璧华

作者单位： 中国人民解放军理工大学

项目金额： 85万元

中文摘要： 自然界闪电按其是否接触地面分为云闪和地闪，云闪不触地，发生率占全部闪电2/3以上，但至今研究不多。当今，闪电放电电流电磁辐射产生的LEMP（雷电电磁脉冲）对空中和地面上微电子设备的威胁日趋严重，加强对LEMP的防护已十分迫切。本项申请首先对云闪LEMP进行数值分析，并专门研究地面附近LEMP水平电场测量技术和高性能、高效率三维电场、三维磁场测试技术，研制专用测试设备，组建LEMP电场、磁场时域波形测量系统，利用室内外实验条件及野外实验条件，对自然闪电在地面附近形成的电磁环境进行全面测试和研究。结合闪电定位结果，提高对云闪的识别精度，给出云闪在地面附近形成的LEMP时域特性、频域特性、环境特点及统计规律，特别是LEMP水平电场的特性。为从根本上解决LEMP的防护问题提供依据，亦为进一步发展空间LEMP环境测量技术奠定基础。这对确保航空、航天及地面电子、电气设备及系统的安全运行具有重要意义。

中文关键词： 云闪；雷电电磁脉冲；测量技术；时域有限差分算法；雷电防护

英文摘要： Lightning discharge could be classified as cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) and cloud lightning, depending on whether it touches the ground. Although cloud lightning makes up over 2/3 of all flashes, it has not deserved sufficient attention as extensive as CG.. Recently, the threats imposed by lightning electromagnetic pulse (LEMP) on micro-electronic equipment both on surface and aloft are more and more intensive, therefore, it is quite necessary to reconsider the protection against LEMP. Based on these consideration, the objective of our project are mainly concerned with the following basic studies : 1) numerically simulation and analysis on the LEMP of cloud lightning; 2) theoretical and experimental studies on the measurement tech of LEMP horizontal electric field component, 3D electric field and magnetic field with high performance and compact structure; 3) designing these dedicated test equipment to establish the LEMP electric and magnetic field measurement system in time domain; 4) analysis and studies on the electromagnetic environment on the ground surface caused by lightning by conducting field observations; 5) characterizing the statistics rules of the LEMP produced by cloud lightning both in time and frequency domain, especially the horizontal electric field component, by advantage of accurate position

英文关键词： cloud-to-cloud lightning；lightning electromagnetic pulse；measurement technology；finite-different time-domain；lightning protection