基于指纹特征和显微光谱分析的固体废物重金属源解析技术

项目名称： 基于指纹特征和显微光谱分析的固体废物重金属源解析技术

项目编号： No.21277096

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 环境科学、安全科学

项目作者： 章骅

作者单位： 同济大学

项目金额： 78万元

中文摘要： 重金属污染物的来源与赋存形态，是科学评估其污染途径与环境风险，从而有针对性地进行污染阻断、无害化处理和环境修复的前提与依据。本项目定位于复杂固体废物样品重金属污染源解析技术研究。根据不同来源的固体废物组分在其生命周期中所经历的物理化学生物过程的不同，而重金属会产生不同的同位素分馏效应和化学转化的原理，利用先进的多接受器等离子体质谱技术和基于同步辐射X射线微聚焦的显微光谱技术，综合重金属生物地球化学信息，采用系统分类方法学，辨识重金属的不同来源和传输途径。据此建立基于重金属分子化学形态、同位素指纹和单颗粒显微光谱指纹的固体废物重金属源解析技术，从而为固体废物重金属的准确溯源和污染控制提供方法学依据。该方法学对从微观上认识重金属在固体废物中的源污染特征与污染机理，和在宏观上明晰污染源对固体废物重金属污染的贡献，具有重要的科学意义。

中文关键词： 重金属；溯源；微区光谱分析；同位素组成；形态

英文摘要： Source characterization of heavy metals is prerequisite for assessing their potential contamination pathways and environmental risks, based on which, pollution control and environmental remediation measures could be properly targeted. The objective of this project is to develop a novel methodology for source identification of heavy metals in complex solid waste. Considering the different isotope fractionation and metal transformation during a variety of physiochemical and biological processes in the whole life cycle of various waste components, advanced mass spectrometry and spectromicroscopy will be adopted to identify the small variation. Multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and synchrotron radiation based X-ray microbeam techniques will be used. Combining these different analytical levels and systematic analysis would yield a deeper view of the source and fate of heavy metals according to their biogeochemical information. A source identification method based on heavy metal speciation, isotopic signature, and single-particle fingerprint is then to be developed, which could provide a powerful tool for accurate source tracing and proper pollution control of heavy metals in solid waste. The methodology is of great scientific significance with both microscopic insight into the source polluti

英文关键词： Heavy metals；Source identification；Spectromicroscopic analysis；Isotopic composition；Speciation