新型羧基羟肟酸类化合物设计合成与分离铝硅性能

项目名称： 新型羧基羟肟酸类化合物设计合成与分离铝硅性能

项目编号： No.20876180

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 冶金工业

项目作者： 蒋玉仁

作者单位： 中南大学

项目金额： 30万元

中文摘要： 浮选药剂是铝土矿浮选脱硅的关键技术和研究热点，针对浮选脱硅捕收剂的铝硅分离选择性不高且新型结构少的问题，本项目开展了新型羧基羟肟酸类捕收剂的设计、合成与性能的深入研究。设计了结构多样性的新型羧基羟肟酸类捕收剂候选化合物，包括单羧基单羟肟基、单羧基双羟肟酸基、单羧基三羟肟酸基、双羧基单羟肟酸基和双羧基双羟肟酸基五类极性基结构，以及脂肪族、脂环族、芳香族和混合类四类非极性基结构。合成并表征了羧基羟肟酸类目标化合物40个，其中单羧基单羟肟基类19个、单羧基双羟肟基类11个、单羧基三羟肟基类3个、双羧基单羟肟基类4个和双羧基双羟肟基类3个。所有目标化合物对硬铝石的浮选活性高而对铝硅粘土矿物的浮选活性弱，其中3个化合物分离硬铝石/高岭石、硬铝石/伊利石的人工混合矿的选择性高，对铝土矿实际矿石具有优良的浮选脱硅性能。羧基羟肟酸类捕收剂高选择性分离铝硅矿物的本质原因是在硬铝石表面形成多元螯环的化学吸附而在铝硅粘土矿物表面形成氢键吸附。本项目丰富和发展了浮选药剂品种，对推动铝硅高效分离药剂的开发和促进铝土矿浮选脱硅技术的发展具有重要的理论意义，对我国特有铝土矿资源的进一步经济利用具有重要的实用价值。

中文关键词： 羧基羟肟酸；捕收剂；分子设计；有机合成；铝土矿脱硅

英文摘要： Flotation reagents are the key technology and hot research topic on the flotation desilicate from diasporic bauxite. However, the known collectors for the flotation desilicate of diasporic bauxite have less selectivity of alumina-silica separation as and few new structure molecules. Aimed at this problem, novel carboxyl hydroximic compounds characterized of collector structure have been designed by molecular design method, synthesized by chemical approach and evaluated for the performance to single minerals, artifically mixed minerals and real diasporic bauxite ore by flotation tests. The designed candidates involves various structures, including 5 types of polar group such as monocarboxyl monohydroxycarbamoyl, monocarboxyl dihydroxycarbamoyl, mono- carboxyl trihydroxycarbamoyl, dicarboxyl monohydroxycarbamoyl and dicarboxyl dihydroxy- carbamoyl radical, and 4 types of nonpolar group such as aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic and mixed alkyl radical. Fourty objective carboxyl hydroximic compounds have been synthesized and characterized, including 19 hydroxycarbamoyl carboxylates, 11 dihydroxycarbamoyl carboxylates, 3 trihydroxycarbamoyl carboxylates, 4 hydroxycarbamoyl tricarboxylates, and dihydroxycarbamoyl dicarboxylates. All these objective compounds have strong collecting capacity for the diaspore flotation while weak collecting one for the flotation of aluminosilicate minerals. Three objective compounds can highly selectively separate such artifically mixed minerals as diaspore-kaonilite mixture and diaspore-illite one and possess excellent performance on the flotation desilicate of real diasporic bauxite ore. The surface Al atoms on diaspore are more than those on aluminosilicate minerals, and the O atoms in these collectors possess more negative charges and more easily donate electrons than N atoms. The collectors form chemical adsorption on diaspore with multi-chelate rings and hydrogen bond on aluminosilicate minerals, causing diaspore adsorbing reagent in larger amount than aluminosilicate minerals and resulting in high selectivity for minerals flotation. The achievement of the project enriches the flotation reagents library. It is not only provided with great signification to promote the development of high selective performance flotation reagents for bauxite separation and to accelerate the bauxite flotaion technology, but also valuable for the farther economical use of the specific bauxite resources in our country.

英文关键词： Carboxyl hydroximic compound; Collector; Molecular design; Organic synthesis; Diasporic bauxite desilicate