离子液体电解制备铜粉的调控机制研究

项目名称： 离子液体电解制备铜粉的调控机制研究

项目编号： No.51504112

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 矿业工程

项目作者： 李艳

作者单位： 昆明理工大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 铜粉是汽车、航天航空、机械、化工、能源以及3C产业等领域不可或缺和不可替代的金属粉体材料。本项目针对水溶液电解法生产铜粉存在工艺复杂、废物排放量大、能耗高等问题，通过采用无毒、价廉、对水和空气均稳定的离子液体为电解质，将纯铜阳极电化溶解形成Cu(Ⅰ)配离子，并使其在阴极上还原成形貌和粒径可控的铜粉。主要研究离子液体的阴阳离子构成和阳极电位对阳极铜电化溶解形成Cu(Ⅰ)配离子的影响规律；离子液体中阳离子和Cu(Ⅰ)配离子在阴极表面的吸附行为及其对双电层结构的影响；Cu(Ⅰ)配离子的放电机理以及铜电结晶成核、晶体生长的调控机制；电解参数对离子液体电解制备铜粉的电耗和电流效率的影响规律；离子液体和添加剂对铜粉表面的自然包覆形态及其抗氧化性能。为用离子液体电解制备铜等金属粉体材料奠定理论基础，创立一种环境友好、能耗低的离子液体电解制备铜粉的新方法。

中文关键词： 离子液体；铜粉；电解制备；调控机制

英文摘要： Copper powder is an indispensable and irreplaceable metal powder material in the fields of automobile industry, aerospace, machinery, chemical industry, energy and the like. In order to simplify the aqueous electrolysis process and reduce the waste emission as well as energy consumption, non-toxic, cheap, air and water-stable ionic liquids and pure copper will be respectively used as electrolytes and anode to prepare morphology-controllable copper powder by electrochemical reduction of Cu(Ⅰ) coordination ion. The major research contents include: the effect of the cations and anions in ionic liquids as well as the anode electrode potentials on the formation of Cu(Ⅰ) coordination ion through electrochemical oxidation; the adsorption behavior of the cations and Cu(Ⅰ) coordination ion at the cathode surface, and the effect of the adsorption behavior on the structure of electric double layer; the discharge mechanism of copper complex ion and the controlling mechanism of copper crystal nucleation and growth; the dependence of electrical power consumption and current efficiency on the ionic liquid composition and the electrolysis parameters; the surface natural coating of copper powder by ionic liquids and additives, and the antioxidation performance of the copper powder coated. The purpose of this project is to establish the theoretical foundation for preparing copper and the other metal powders through ionic liquid electrolysis, and to create a new preparation method of electrolytic copper powder in ionic liquids with advantages of environment friendly and low energy consumption.

英文关键词： Ionic liquid;Copper powder;electrolysis preparation;Regulation mechanism