高原鼠兔扰动对高寒草甸生态水文过程的影响研究

项目名称： 高原鼠兔扰动对高寒草甸生态水文过程的影响研究

项目编号： No.41301013

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2014

项目学科： 天文学、地球科学

项目作者： 马育军

作者单位： 北京师范大学

项目金额： 26万元

中文摘要： 通过对高寒草甸高原鼠兔扰动的调查，以种群密度为指标划分不同扰动强度，对比不同扰动强度下生草层破坏面积、鼠丘高度等鼠丘格局的差异，研究高原鼠兔扰动的时空变化特征；通过对土壤性质（容重、机械组成、导水率等）的测定和降水-入渗-地表径流-优势流-土壤水分-蒸散发等物理水文过程的实验观测，研究土壤水分的异质性分布特征，确定土壤水分与土壤性质、降水、蒸散发之间的关系，探究扰动条件下土壤水分异质性的形成原因；在高原鼠兔扰动特征分析和土壤水分异质性研究基础上，通过对植物群落物种组成、盖度、高度、叶面积指数、地上/地下生物量的调查，分析植物群落变化对物理水文过程的影响，结合对主要植物种群生理生态学参数的测定，建立植物水分利用与土壤水分、微气象环境因子的关系，分析植物生长过程对土壤水分变化的响应与反馈，揭示扰动条件下生态过程-水文过程的耦合作用机制。

中文关键词： 高原鼠兔；水文过程；土壤水分；土壤温度；地表类型

英文摘要： The plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae) is a keystone species for biodiversity in the Tibetan plateau. Using the field survey of its disturbance and the division of disturbance intensities by the population density, this study is to compare the damage area of grassland and the height of hillocks between different plots. This would help us reveal the spatiotemporal variation of the plateau pika's disturbance. This study is also designed to analyse the heterogeneity of soil moisture, according to the measurement of soil properties (bulk density, mechanical composition, hydraulic conductivity, et al.) and the field experiment of hydrological processes (including precepitation, infiltration, ground runoff, preferential flow, soil moisture, evapotranspiration). Then, we will establish a quantitative relationship between soil moisture and soil properties, precepitation, evapotranspiration, and clarify the formation reason of the heterogeneity of soil moisture under different disturbance intensities. Based on the above researches, we would like to study the effect of plant community change on hydrological processes and the response of growing processes to soil moisture variation, in order to reveal the interactive mechanism between ecological processes and hydrological processes under the plateau pika's disturbance.

英文关键词： Plateau pika；hydrological process；soil moisture；soil temperature；land surface type