实验前的准备
import time
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36'}
for i in range(1, 13):
time.sleep(5)
url = 'http://www.tianqihoubao.com/aqi/tianjin-2019' + str( "%02d" % i) + '.html'
response = requests. get(url=url, headers=headers)
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
tr = soup.find_all( 'tr')
for j in tr[ 1:]:
td = j.find_all( 'td')
Date = td[ 0].get_text().strip()
Quality_grade = td[ 1].get_text().strip()
AQI = td[ 2].get_text().strip()
AQI_rank = td[ 3].get_text().strip()
PM = td[ 4].get_text()
with open( 'air_tianjin_2019.csv', 'a+', encoding= 'utf-8-sig') as f:
f.write( Date + ',' + Quality_grade + ',' + AQI + ',' + AQI_rank + ',' + PM + '\n')
df = pd.read_csv( 'air_tianjin_2019.csv', header=None, names=[ "Date", "Quality_grade", "AQI", "AQI_rank", "PM"])
attr = df[ 'Date']v1 = df[ 'AQI']
line = Line( "2019年天津AQI全年走势图", title_pos= 'center', title_top= '18', width= 800, height= 400)
line. add( "", attr, v1, mark_line=[ 'average'], is_fill=True, area_color= "#000", area_opacity= 0.3, mark_point=[ "max", "min"], mark_point_symbol= "circle", mark_point_symbolsize= 25)
line.render( "2019年天津AQI全年走势图.html")
air_tianjin_2019_AQI_month .py
df = pd.read_csv( 'air_tianjin_2019.csv', header=None, names=[ "Date", "Quality_grade", "AQI", "AQI_rank", "PM"])
dom = df [['Date', 'AQI']]
list1 = []
for j in dom[ 'Date']:
time = j.split( '-')[ 1]
list1.append( time)
df[ 'month'] = list1
month_message = df.groupby(['month'])
month_com = month_message['AQI'].agg(['mean'])
month_com.reset_index(inplace=True)
month_com_last = month_com.sort_index()
attr = [ "{}".format(str(i) + '月') for i in range(1, 13)]
v1 = np.array(month_com_last['mean'])
v1 = [ "{}".format(int(i)) for i in v1]
line = Line("2019年天津月均AQI走势图", title_pos='center', title_top='18', width=800, height=400)
line.add("", attr, v1, mark_point=["max", "min"])
line.render("2019年天津月均AQI走势图.html")
最终的效果图如下可见:
df = pd.read_csv( 'air_tianjin_2019.csv', header=None, names=[ "Date", "Quality_grade", "AQI", "AQI_rank", "PM"])
dom = df [['Date', 'AQI']]
data = [[], [], [], []]
dom1, dom2, dom3, dom4 = data
for i, j in zip(dom[ 'Date'], dom[ 'AQI']):
time = i.split( '-')[ 1]
if time in [ '01', '02', '03']:
dom1.append(j)
elif time in [ '04', '05', '06']:
dom2.append(j)
elif time in [ '07', '08', '09']:
dom3.append(j)
else:
dom4.append(j)
boxplot = Boxplot( "2019年天津季度AQI箱形图", title_pos='center', title_top='18', width=800, height=400)
x_axis = ['第一季度', '第二季度', '第三季度', '第四季度']
y_axis = [dom1, dom2, dom3, dom4]
_yaxis = boxplot.prepare_data(y_axis)
boxplot.add( "", x_axis, _yaxis)
boxplot.render( "2019年天津季度AQI箱形图.html")
# 文件的名字
FILENAME1 = "air_tianjin_2019.csv"
# 禁用科学计数法
pd.set_option( 'float_format', lambda x: '%.3f' % x)
np.set_printoptions(threshold=np.inf)
# 读取数据
data = pd.read_csv(FILENAME1)
rows, clos = data.shape
# DataFrame转化为array
DataArray = data.values
Y=[]
y = DataArray[:, 1]
for i in y:
if i== "良":
Y.append( 0)
if i== "轻度污染":
Y.append( 1)
if i== "优":
Y.append( 2)
if i== "严重污染":
Y.append( 3)
if i== "重度污染":
Y.append( 4)
print(Y)
print(len(y))
X = DataArray[:, 2: 5]
print(X[ 1])
for i in range( len(Y)):
f= open( "data.txt", "a+")
for j in range( 3):
f. write(str(X[i][j])+ ",")
f. write(str(Y[i])+ "\n")
print( "data.txt数据生成")
def loadDataset(self,filename, split, trainingSet, testSet): # 加载数据集 split以某个值为界限分类train和test
with open(filename, 'r') as csvfile:
lines = csv.reader(csvfile) #读取所有的行
dataset = list(lines) #转化成列表
for x in range(len(dataset)-1):
for y in range(3):
dataset[ x][ y] = float(dataset[ x][ y])
if random.random() < split: # 将所有数据加载到train和test中
trainingSet.append(dataset[x])
else:
testSet.append(dataset[x])
def calculateDistance(self,testdata, traindata, length): # 计算距离
distance = 0 # length表示维度 数据共有几维
for x in range(length):
distance += pow((int(testdata[x])-traindata[x]), 2)
return math.sqrt(distance)
def getNeighbors(self,trainingSet, testInstance, k): # 返回最近的k个边距
distances = []
length = len(testInstance) -1
for x in range(len(trainingSet)): #对训练集的每一个数计算其到测试集的实际距离
dist = self.calculateDistance(testInstance, trainingSet[x], length)
print( '训练集:{}-距离:{}'.format(trainingSet[x], dist))
distances.append((trainingSet[x], dist))
distances.sort(key=operator.itemgetter( 1)) # 把距离从小到大排列
print(distances)
neighbors = []
for x in range(k): #排序完成后取前k个距离
neighbors.append(distances[x][ 0])
print(neighbors)
return neighbors
def getResponse(self,neighbors): # 根据少数服从多数,决定归类到哪一类
classVotes = {}
for x in range(len(neighbors)):
response = neighbors[ x][ -1] # 统计每一个分类的多少
if response in classVotes:
classVotes[response] += 1
else:
classVotes[response] = 1
print(classVotes.items())
sortedVotes = sorted(classVotes.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True) #reverse按降序的方式排列
return sortedVotes[ 0][ 0]
def getAccuracy(self,testSet, predictions): # 准确率计算
correct = 0
for x in range(len(testSet)):
if testSet[ x][ -1] == predictions[x]: #predictions是预测的和testset实际的比对
correct += 1
print('共有{}个预测正确,共有{}个测试数据'.format(correct,len(testSet)))
return (correct/float(len(testSet)))*100.0
def Run(self):
trainingSet = []
testSet = []
split = 0.75
self.loadDataset( r'data.txt', split, trainingSet, testSet) #数据划分
print( 'Train set: ' + str(len(trainingSet)))
print( 'Test set: ' + str(len(testSet)))
#generate predictions
predictions = []
k = 5 # 取最近的5个数据
# correct = []
for x in range(len(testSet)): # 对所有的测试集进行测试
neighbors = self.getNeighbors(trainingSet, testSet[x], k) #找到5个最近的邻居
result = self.getResponse(neighbors) # 找这5个邻居归类到哪一类
predictions.append(result)
# print('predictions: ' + repr(predictions))
# print('>predicted=' + repr(result) + ', actual=' + repr(testSet[x][-1]))
# print(correct)
accuracy = self.getAccuracy(testSet,predictions)
print( 'Accuracy: ' + repr(accuracy) + '%')
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