On an innovative architecture for digital immunity passports and vaccination certificates

With the COVID-19 pandemic entering a second phase and vaccination strategies being applied by countries and governments worldwide, there is an increasing expectation by people to return to a more familiar, normal life. The debate for an immunity passport that would enable individuals to safely enter their everyday social life, work and transportation, both for themselves and the community, is on. Such digital immunity passports and vaccination certificates should satisfy the people's demand for privacy while enabling the validation of the user's identity that is unambiguously associated with a person, whose results are being requested from the public health systems. This paper provides a comprehensive answer to the technological, ethical and security challenges, by proposing a service, that provides individuals, employers, government agencies, and others a digital, decentralized, portable, immutable, non-refutable cryptographic proof that can be used to evaluate the risk of allowing individuals to return to normal work, travel, and public life activities.