Useful Open Call-by-Need

This paper studies useful sharing, which is a sophisticated optimization for lambda-calculi, in the context of call-by-need evaluation in presence of open terms. Useful sharing turns out to be harder to manipulate in call-by-need than in call-by-name or call-by-value, because call-by-need evaluates inside environments, making it harder to specify when a substitution step is useful. We isolate the key involved concepts and prove the correctness of useful sharing in this setting.