Today, the audit and diagnosis of the causal relationships between the events in a trigger-action-based event chain (e.g., why is a light turned on in a smart home?) in the Internet of Things (IoT) platforms are untrustworthy and unreliable. The current IoT platforms lack techniques for transparent and tamper-proof ordering of events due to their device-centric logging mechanism. In this paper, we develop a framework that facilitates tamper-proof transparency and event order in an IoT platform by proposing a Blockchain protocol and adopting the vector clock system, both tailored for the resource-constrained heterogeneous IoT devices, respectively. To cope with the unsuited storage (e.g., ledger) and computing power (e.g., proof of work puzzle) requirements of the Blockchain in the commercial off-the-shelf IoT devices, we propose a partial consistent cut protocol and engineer a modular arithmetic-based lightweight proof of work puzzle, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Blockchain designed for resource-constrained heterogeneous IoT platforms. Our event ordering protocol based on the vector clock system is also novel for the IoT platforms. We implement our framework using an IoT gateway and 30 IoT devices. We experiment with 10 concurrent trigger-action-based event chains while each chain involves 20 devices, and each device participates in 5 different chains. The results show that our framework may order these events in 2.5 seconds while consuming only 140 mJ of energy per device. The results hence demonstrate the proposed platform as a practical choice for many IoT applications such as smart home, traffic monitoring, and crime investigation.
翻译:今天,对基于触发行动的事件链中事件之间的因果关系进行审计和诊断(例如,为什么在智能家庭里打开灯光? )在Tings(IoT)的互联网平台中,事件链(IoT)平台不可信和不可靠。当前的IoT平台缺乏透明且不受破坏的订购事件的技术,原因是其以装置为中心的记录机制。在本文件中,我们制定了一个框架,通过提出一个块链协议和采用矢量时钟系统,便利在IoT平台上建立不受修改的透明度和事件秩序(例如,为什么在智能家庭里开灯?) ) 。为了应对不合适的存储(例如分类)和电源计算(例如,工作拼图证明),目前IoT平台缺乏透明且不易篡改的系统缺乏透明性。我们提出的许多协议,并设计一个模块基于算术的轻度证明工作迷局。据我们所知,这是为资源错乱的IoT每个平台设计的首个软链。我们的活动在30个主机链中, 运行协议链中的每个主机盘都展示了我们10个主机的I-hlock-hock 系统。我们每个主机头的I-hal平台上显示了我们每个主机头的I-heval-hal-hal-heval-heval-heval-heval-hevl-heval-hup 。