Blockchain-enabled Network Sharing for O-RAN

The innovation provided by network virtualization in 5G, together with standardization and openness boosted by the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Alliance, has paved the way to a collaborative future in cellular systems, driven by flexible network sharing. Such advents are expected to attract new players like content providers and verticals, increasing competitiveness in the telecom market. However, scalability and trust issues are expected to arise, given the criticality of ownership traceability and resource exchanging in an open RAN sharing ecosystem. To address that, we propose the integration of Blockchain (BC) technology for enabling mobile operators (OPs) and other players to exchange RAN resources (e.g., infrastructure, spectrum usage) in the form of virtual network functions (VNF) autonomously and dynamically. BC will provide automation, robustness, trustworthiness, and reliability to mobile networks, so that confidence is generated in an open RAN environment. In particular, we define a novel O-RAN-based BC-enabled architecture that allows automating RAN sharing procedures through either auction or marketplace-based mechanisms. The potential advantages of the proposed solution are demonstrated through simulation results. The used simulation platform is openly released.