With the emergence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and wireless embedded sensing devices into modern vehicles, Intelligent Transport System (ITS) becomes a reality and an indispensable component of smart cities. The purpose of ITS is to improve road safety and traffic efficiency as well as offering infotainments services. In fact, warning drivers in the right time about dangerous situations on the road and providing them with prior information about traffic will undoubtedly leads to enhance driver's safety and reduce traffic congestion. Technically speaking, ITS is based on self-organizing wireless networks, known as vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). Mobile vehicles in VANET might play the role of stationary sensors in infrastructure-based networks. They can detect, gather and disseminate real-time data about traffic, driving conditions and potential hazards on roads. In this respect, we review in this study, recent developments on the design of VANET protocols and applications. We first introduce the architecture of VANETs then we review their unique characteristics and applications. Thereafter, we discuss the main research challenges and open issues to be considered for designing efficient and a cost-effective VANET protocols and applications.
翻译:随着信息和通信技术(ICT)和无线嵌入式遥感装置进入现代车辆,智能运输系统(ITS)成为现实,成为智能城市不可或缺的组成部分。ITS的目的是改善道路安全和交通效率,并提供信息服务。事实上,在适当的时候警告驾驶员注意公路上的危险情况,并事先向他们提供交通信息,无疑会加强驾驶员的安全,减少交通堵塞。从技术上讲,ITS以自组织无线网络为基础,称为车辆专用网络(VANETs)。VANET的机动车辆可以在基于基础设施的网络中发挥固定传感器的作用。它们可以探测、收集和传播有关交通、驾驶条件和道路潜在危害的实时数据。在这方面,我们在这项研究中审查VANET协议和应用设计的最新发展情况。我们首先介绍VANETs的结构,然后审查它们的独特特性和应用。然后,我们讨论在设计高效和具有成本效益的VANET协议和应用方面需要考虑的主要研究挑战和公开问题。