多孔铸型炭/导电聚合物复合材料制备及电化学储能研究

项目名称： 多孔铸型炭/导电聚合物复合材料制备及电化学储能研究

项目编号： No.50873015

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 化学工业

项目作者： 范丽珍

作者单位： 北京科技大学

项目金额： 35万元

中文摘要： 采用模板法、水热法、氯化锌催化活化法等多种方法，通过选择适当的模板、炭前驱体、优化炭化温度，制备出一系列具有高比表面积和电导率的多孔铸型炭和多孔炭，并进一步通过化学方法对多孔炭的表面化学性质进行了改性与控制，以提高其电化学性能。在此基础上，以多孔铸型炭和多孔炭作为载体，通过优化导电聚苯胺的制备工艺，制备了多孔铸型炭/导电聚苯胺和多孔炭/导电聚苯胺复合材料。系统研究了多孔铸型炭、多孔炭、多孔铸型炭/导电聚苯胺、多孔炭/聚苯胺复合电极的显微结构、化学组成、电导率以及电化学储能之间的关系。研究结果表明：以多孔铸型炭作为载体，由于其纳米孔的限制效应，大幅度提高了导电聚苯胺活性材料的利用率，铸型炭作为支架承受了导电聚苯胺在充放电过程中的应力，提高了整个电极材料的循环稳定性。该复合材料兼备双电层电容器高的循环稳定性和法拉第赝电容器高比容量的优点，而且由于铸型炭/导电聚苯胺复合电极的块状特征，省去了组装超级电容器用的粘结剂、导电剂以及集流体，从而提高了整个电极的功率密度，降低了制备成本。

中文关键词： 多孔碳;导电聚合物;复合材料;超级电容器

英文摘要： Hierarchically porous carbon monolith (HPCM) and porous carbon with high surface areas and high conductivities were prepared by template method, hydrothermal method and zinc choloride catalytic activation method by choosing moderate templates, carbon precursors and optimizing carbonization temperature. The surface chemical properties of porous carbon were further modified by chemical methods in order to enhance its electrochemical properties. On the basis of this, HPCM/polyaniline and porous carbon/polyaniline composites were prepared by using HPCM and porous carbon as supports and optimizing the synthesis methods of polyaniline. The relationships between microstructure, composition, conductivities and electrochemical properties of HPCM, porous carbon, HPCM/polyaniline and porous carbon/polyaniline composites were systemically studied. The results indicate that by using HPCM as a support, the utilization ratio of polyaniline active material can be remarkably enhanced because of the limit effect of nanopores of HPCM. HPCM can also release the stress of polyaniline during the charge/discharge process, thus enhancing the cycle stability of the electrode materials. This composite combines not only the advantage of high cycle stability of the electrical double layer capacitors, but also the high specific capacitance of the faradic pseudocapacitors. Furthermore, because of the bulk characteristic of the HPCM/polyaniline composite, it can be assembled into supercapacitors without introducing any binder, conducting agents and current collectors, thus contributing to the increase of the power density and the decrease of preparation cost.

英文关键词： porous carbon; conducting polymer; composites; supercapacitors