高处坠落时脊柱损伤机制研究

项目名称： 高处坠落时脊柱损伤机制研究

项目编号： No.11472185

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 郭媛

作者单位： 太原理工大学

项目金额： 95万元

中文摘要： 近年来随着高层建筑的快速发展，高处坠落的发生率呈逐年上升的趋势，而坠落后常常导致脊柱的损伤。为了探索高处坠落时脊柱的损伤机制，本项目使用实验和有限元相结合的方法，开展相关问题的研究。主要研究内容有：（1）脊柱各组织的静态力学性能：按年龄分组进行脊柱各组织材料力学性能的测试；构建脊柱损伤模型，并对受损后的脊柱各组织再进行力学性能测试，对比不同年龄之间、正常与受损后脊柱各组织材料力学性能的变化；（2）脊柱整体的动态力学响应：进行脊柱分节段的压缩实验、落锤实验，分析脊柱的动态力学响应；同时建立脊柱的有限元模型，分析不同坠落情况时脊柱的损伤状况；（3）在体损伤分析：进行多种工况的动物活体坠落实验及脊柱损伤情况分析，结合有限元仿真分析，确定坠落高度、姿势、年龄等因素对脊柱损伤的影响，给出脊柱耐受范围。了解和掌握高处坠落时脊柱的损伤机制，可为生产生活中的安全防护提供有价值的参考依据。

中文关键词： 脊柱；坠落；动力学响应；损伤机制；动物实验

英文摘要： With the fast development of high buildings in recent years, the incidence of falling from height has the rising trend year by year, and the injury of spine is often caused by falling from height. In order to explore the injured mechanism of the spine while falling from height, the researches of the relevant problem in this project are carried out using the method that the experiment combines with finite element analysis. The main contents of research are as follows, (1) The static mechanical properties of every tissue of spine: the tests of mechanical properties of every tissue of the spine are carried on through dividing into groups according to age; the injured models of spine are constructed, the tests of mechanical properties of tissues for injured spine are carried, and variations of mechanical properties for tissues of spine are compared with different ages, normal and injured tissues of spine; (2) Dynamic responses of the whole spine: experiments of compressed and dropping hammer for the segmented spine are launched, and dynamic responses of spine are analyzed; at the same time the finite element model of the spine is established, the injured state of the spine is analyzed under different falling situations; (3) In vivo injury analysis: experiments of falling from height for living animals and spinal injured analysis are carried out, combining with the finite element analysis, the influence of factors, such as falling height, posture, age, etc., on the injury of spine is determined, and the tolerance range of spine is provided. Understanding and grasping the injured mechanism of spine while falling from height, can provide the significant reference basis for safety protection in the production and living.

英文关键词： Spine;Falls;Dynamic response;Injured mechanism;Animal experiment