自检测型量子密钥分配研究

项目名称： 自检测型量子密钥分配研究

项目编号： No.61475148

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 半导体科学、光学和光电子学

项目作者： 银振强

作者单位： 中国科学技术大学

项目金额： 80万元

中文摘要： 自检测型量子密码系统的安全性对其内部实现依赖较少，因而具有很高的安全性，深受学术界关注。但其一些重要问题仍待研究，如怎样实现完全自检测型协议仍旧是一个难题，而测量设备自检测协议的安全性仍有增强的潜力。本项目计划对自检测型量子密码开展实验为主兼有理论的全面研究。课题组计划以光子放大方案为主要技术途径来研究完全自检测型协议的实现技术；以实现安全性对编码误差免疫的测量自检测协议为目标，开展更安全的测量设备自检测协议的实现研究；以修改相干态光源和参考系无关方案为两条路径研究实用性更好的测量设备自检测协议。在理论方面，课题组则研究构造安全性优于传统BB84协议，可用性又优于完全自检测协议的新型量子密钥分发协议。本项目涵盖了自检测型协议的主要研究热点问题即安全性问题和可用性问题：对于安全性最高的完全自检测协议，以其实现方法为研究目标；对测量设备自检测协议，则在安全性和可用性两方面开展研究。

中文关键词： 量子密码；量子密钥分发；自检测；设备无关；安全性

英文摘要： Traditional quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, such as BB84, must assume that the quantum devices of communication peers are fully characterized by themselves before the security may be guaranteed. However, the security proofs of self-testing QKD (ST-QKD) protocols have less assumptions on their devices implementations, and thus ST-QKD has a high level of security and is becoming a very hot topic recently. There are many important issues to be studied in the area of ST-QKD, such as how to achieve fully ST-QKD (FST-QKD) protocol is still a challenge to present technology, and it is proved that the security of measurement-device ST-QKD (MST-QKD) may need to be strengthened. To implement practical QKD systems with higher security level, we will carry out our research in the following three respects. 1. In this project, the research group plans to study how to achieve FST-QKD by photon amplification technique. FST-QKD is the QKD protocol with highest security level so far, but not practical to present technology. Photon amplification technique may be the most feasible way to implement FST-QKD experimentally. 2. To implement MST-QKD with higher security level or better feasibility will be also studied in this project. The security of original MST-QKD protocol relies on the accuracy of photon transmitter's encoding operation. We plan to carry out new MST-QKD protocol experiment whose security is not related to the accuracy of encoding and thus is more secure. We also focus on MST-QKD implementations combined with modified coherent sources and reference-frame-independent approach, which lead to MST-QKD with longer distance and higher key bit rate. 3. In theory study, our aim is to devise new ST-QKD protocol, which has fewer assumptions on security than BB84, and also more feasible than FST-QKD protocol. The technique is to focus on the combination of MST-QKD and two-way QKD. The project covers the security and feasibility issues, which are essential problems in the research of ST-QKD. For FST-QKD protocol, which is the QKD protocol with highest security level so far, our aim is to make it more practical and can be achieved in lab at least. For MST-QKD, we focus not only on how to strengthen its security but also how to implement it with better performance. Therefore, this project has important academic significance to the study of quantum cryptography.

英文关键词： quantum cryptography;quantum key distribution;self-tesing;device-indpependent;security