手把手教你用Python实现“坦克大战”，附详细代码！
小时候玩的“坦克大战”，你还记得吗？
今天，我们使用Python以及强大的第三方库来实现一个简单的坦克大战游戏。【文中代码点击阅读原文下载，可直接运行】
环境依赖
python3.7
pygame1.9.6
urllib
内置库，如random、sys、time、os等
pygame介绍
Pygame被设计用来写游戏的python模块集合，基于SDL库开发。使用python可以导入pygame来开发具有全部特性的游戏和多媒体软件，Pygame是极度轻便的并且可以运行在几乎所有的平台和操作系统上。
1. 导入依赖 & 通用配置
1import random
2import sys
3import time
4from urllib.request import urlretrieve
5import os
6import pygame
7
8
9SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT = 1200, 700 # 画面大小
10MY_BIRTH_LEFT, MY_BIRTH_TOP = SCREEN_WIDTH / 2, SCREEN_HEIGHT - 60
11DIRECTION = [U, D, L, R] = [ U , D , L , R ] # 控制键
12Tank_IMAGE_POSITION = r D:/tank_img
13URL = https://gitee.com/tyoui/logo/raw/master/img/
2. 通用加载函数
1# 加载图片
2def load_img(name_img):
3 save = Tank_IMAGE_POSITION + os.sep + name_img + .gif
4 if not os.path.exists(save):
5 urlretrieve(URL + name_img + .gif , save)
6 return pygame.image.load(save)
7
8# 加载背景音乐
9def load_music(name_music):
10 save = Tank_IMAGE_POSITION + os.sep + name_music + .wav
11 if not os.path.exists(save):
12 urlretrieve(URL + name_music + .wav , save)
13 pygame.mixer.music.load(save)
14 pygame.mixer.music.play()
3. 通用基础类
1
2* pygame.sprite模块，官方文档上说这个模块是轻量级的，在游戏开发中也未必要使用。
3* sprite翻译为精灵，在游戏动画一般是指一个独立运动的画面元素，在pygame中，
4就可以是一个带有图像（Surface）和大小位置（Rect）的对象。
5* pygame.sprite.Sprite是pygame精灵的基类，一般来说，需要写一个自己的精灵类继承一下它然后加入自己的代码。
6
7class BaseItem(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
8 def __init__(self):
9 super().__init__()
4. 定义bullet类
1class Bullet(BaseItem):
2 # 参数初始化
3 def __init__(self, tank, window):
4 super().__init__()
5 self.direction = tank.direction
6 self.speed = tank.speed * 3
7 self.img = load_img( bullet )
8 self.rect = self.img.get_rect()
9 self.window = window
10 self.live = True
11 if self.direction == U:
12 self.rect.left = tank.rect.left + tank.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2
13 self.rect.top = tank.rect.top - self.rect.height
14 elif self.direction == D:
15 self.rect.left = tank.rect.left + tank.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2
16 self.rect.top = tank.rect.top + tank.rect.height
17 elif self.direction == L:
18 self.rect.left = tank.rect.left - self.rect.width / 2 - self.rect.width / 2
19 self.rect.top = tank.rect.top + tank.rect.height / 2 - self.rect.height / 2
20 else:
21 self.rect.left = tank.rect.left + tank.rect.width
22 self.rect.top = tank.rect.top + tank.rect.height / 2 - self.rect.height / 2
23
24 # 子弹显示
25 def display_bullet(self):
26 self.window.blit(self.img, self.rect)
27
28 # 通过按键控制子弹移动
29 def bullet_move(self):
30 if self.direction == U:
31 if self.rect.top > 0:
32 self.rect.top -= self.speed
33 return
34 elif self.direction == D:
35 if self.rect.top < SCREEN_HEIGHT:
36 self.rect.top += self.speed
37 return
38 elif self.direction == L:
39 if self.rect.left > 0:
40 self.rect.left -= self.speed
41 return
42 else:
43 if self.rect.left < SCREEN_WIDTH:
44 self.rect.left += self.speed
45 return
46 self.live = False
47
48 # 我方坦克子弹击中对方坦克
49 def hit_enemy_tank(self):
50 for enemy in TankGame.enemy_tank_list:
51 hit = pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, enemy)
52 if hit:
53 self.live = False
54 if enemy.click_count == 1:
55 enemy.live = False
56 return None
57 enemy.click_count -= 1
58 if enemy.click_count == 2:
59 enemy.load_image = enemy.img32
60 if enemy.click_count == 1:
61 enemy.load_image = enemy.img31
62 load_music( hit )
63
64 # 对方坦克子弹击中我方坦克
65 def hit_my_tank(self, tank):
66 hit = pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, tank)
67 if hit:
68 self.live = False
69 tank.live = False
70
71 # 子弹击中围墙
72 def bullet_collide_wall(self):
73 for wall in TankGame.wall_list:
74 result = pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, wall)
75 if result:
76 self.live = False
77 if wall.count == 1:
78 wall.live = False
79 else:
80 load_music( hit )
81
82 # 子弹击中子弹
83 def bullet_collide_bullet(self):
84 for bullet in TankGame.enemy_bullet_list:
85 if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(bullet, self):
86 bullet.live = False
87 self.live = False
5. 定义tank类
1class Tank(BaseItem):
2 # 参数初始化
3 def __init__(self, left, top, window, image, direction, speed):
4 super().__init__()
5 self.window = window
6 self.load_image = image
7 self.direction = direction
8 self.img = self.load_image[self.direction]
9 self.rect = self.img.get_rect()
10 self.rect.left = left
11 self.rect.top = top
12 self.speed = speed
13 self.tank_width = self.rect.width
14 self.tank_height = self.rect.height
15 self.wall_switch = False
16 self.move_stop = True
17 self.live = True
18 self.old_left = 0
19 self.old_top = 0
20
21 # 开火
22 def fire(self):
23 return Bullet(self, self.window)
24
25 # 显示
26 def display(self):
27 self.img = self.load_image[self.direction]
28 self.window.blit(self.img, self.rect)
29
30 def wall_not(self, direction):
31 if direction == U:
32 return self.rect.top > 0
33 elif direction == D:
34 return self.rect.top <= SCREEN_HEIGHT - self.tank_height
35 elif direction == L:
36 return self.rect.left > 0
37 else:
38 return self.rect.left <= SCREEN_WIDTH - self.tank_width
39
40 def wall_yes(self, direction):
41 if direction == U:
42 if self.rect.top < 0:
43 self.rect.top = SCREEN_HEIGHT
44 elif direction == D:
45 self.rect.top %= SCREEN_HEIGHT
46 elif direction == L:
47 if self.rect.left < 0:
48 self.rect.left = SCREEN_WIDTH
49 else:
50 self.rect.left %= SCREEN_WIDTH
51
52 def move(self, direction):
53 self.old_left = self.rect.left
54 self.old_top = self.rect.top
55 if self.wall_switch:
56 self.wall_yes(direction)
57 elif not self.wall_not(direction):
58 return None
59 if direction == U:
60 self.rect.top -= self.speed
61 elif direction == D:
62 self.rect.top += self.speed
63 elif direction == L:
64 self.rect.left -= self.speed
65 else:
66 self.rect.left += self.speed
67
68 def stay(self):
69 self.rect.left = self.old_left
70 self.rect.top = self.old_top
71
72 def tank_collide_wall(self):
73 for wall in TankGame.wall_list:
74 if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, wall):
75 self.stay()
76
77 def tank_collide_tank(self):
78 for tank in TankGame.enemy_tank_list:
79 if pygame.sprite.collide_rect(self, tank):
80 self.stay()
6. 定义我方 & 对方tank类
1class MyTank(Tank):
2 def __init__(self, left, top, window):
3 self.img = dict(U=load_img( p2tankU ), D=load_img( p2tankD ), L=load_img( p2tankL ), R=load_img( p2tankR ))
4 self.my_tank_speed = 4
5 super().__init__(left, top, window, self.img, U, self.my_tank_speed)
6
7
8class EnemyTank(Tank):
9 def __init__(self, left, top, window):
10 self.img1 = dict(U=load_img( enemy1U ), D=load_img( enemy1D ), L=load_img( enemy1L ), R=load_img( enemy1R ))
11 self.img2 = dict(U=load_img( enemy2U ), D=load_img( enemy2D ), L=load_img( enemy2L ), R=load_img( enemy2R ))
12 self.img3 = dict(U=load_img( enemy3U ), D=load_img( enemy3D ), L=load_img( enemy3L ), R=load_img( enemy3R ))
13 self.img31 = dict(U=load_img( enemy3U_1 ), D=load_img( enemy3D_1 ), L=load_img( enemy3L_1 ),
14 R=load_img( enemy3R_1 ))
15 self.img32 = dict(U=load_img( enemy3U_2 ), D=load_img( enemy3D_2 ), L=load_img( enemy3L_2 ),
16 R=load_img( enemy3R_2 ))
17 # 不同的坦克击中的次数不一样
18 image, self.click_count, speed = random.choice([(self.img1, 1, 4), (self.img3, 3, 3), (self.img2, 1, 5)])
19 super().__init__(left, top, window, image, self.random_direction(), speed)
20 self.step = 100
21
22 @staticmethod
23 def random_direction():
24 n = random.randint(0, 3)
25 return DIRECTION[n]
26
27 def random_move(self):
28 if self.step == 0:
29 self.direction = self.random_direction()
30 self.step = random.randint(10, 100)
31 else:
32 self.move(self.direction)
33 self.step -= 1
34
35 def random_fire(self):
36 if random.randint(0, 50) == 1 and len(TankGame.enemy_bullet_list) < 30:
37 enemy_bullet = self.fire()
38 TankGame.enemy_bullet_list.append(enemy_bullet)
7. 爆炸动作类
1class Explode(BaseItem):
2 def __init__(self, tank, window):
3 super().__init__()
4 self.img = [load_img( blast0 ), load_img( blast1 ), load_img( blast2 ), load_img( blast3 ), load_img( blast4 ),
5 load_img( blast5 ), load_img( blast6 )]
6 self.rect = tank.rect
7 self.stop = 0
8 self.window = window
9 self.rect.left = tank.rect.left - tank.rect.width / 2
10 def display_explode(self):
11 load_music( blast )
12 while self.stop < len(self.img):
13 self.window.blit(self.img[self.stop], self.rect)
14 self.stop += 1
8. 定义wall类
1class Wall(BaseItem):
2 def __init__(self, left, top, window):
3 super().__init__()
4 self.count = random.randint(0, 1)
5 self.img = [load_img( steels ), load_img( walls )][self.count]
6 self.rect = self.img.get_rect()
7 self.rect.left = left
8 self.rect.top = top
9 self.window = window
10 self.live = True
11
12 def display_wall(self):
13 self.window.blit(self.img, self.rect)
9. 定义坦克大战类
1class TankGame:
2 my_bullet_list = list()
3 enemy_bullet_list = list()
4 enemy_tank_list = list()
5 wall_list = list()
6
7 def __init__(self):
8 if not os.path.exists(Tank_IMAGE_POSITION):
9 os.makedirs(Tank_IMAGE_POSITION)
10 pygame.init()
11 pygame.font.init()
12 self.display = pygame.display
13 self.window = self.display.set_mode([SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT], pygame.RESIZABLE, 32)
14 self.display.set_caption( 坦克世界 )
15 self.my_tank = MyTank(MY_BIRTH_LEFT, MY_BIRTH_TOP, self.window)
16 self.creat_enemy_number = 10
17 self.my_tank_lift = 3
18 self.creat_enemy(self.creat_enemy_number)
19 self.creat_walls()
20 self.font = pygame.font.SysFont( kai_ti , 18)
21 self.number = 1
22
23 def creat_enemy(self, number):
24 for _ in range(number):
25 left = random.randint(0, SCREEN_WIDTH - self.my_tank.tank_width)
26 enemy_tank = EnemyTank(left, 20, self.window)
27 TankGame.enemy_tank_list.append(enemy_tank)
28
29 def creat_walls(self):
30 for i in range(SCREEN_WIDTH // 60 + 1):
31 wall_h = random.randint(100, 500)
32 w = Wall(60 * i, wall_h, self.window)
33 TankGame.wall_list.append(w)
34
35 @staticmethod
36 def show_walls():
37 for w in TankGame.wall_list:
38 if w.live:
39 w.display_wall()
40 else:
41 TankGame.wall_list.remove(w)
42
43 def start_game(self):
44 load_music( start )
45 while True:
46 self.window.fill([0, 0, 0])
47 self.get_event()
48 len_enemy = len(TankGame.enemy_tank_list)
49 self.window.blit(
50 self.draw_text( 敌方坦克*{0},我方生命值*{1},当前{2}关 .format(len_enemy, self.my_tank_lift, self.number)), (10, 10))
51 if len_enemy == 0:
52 self.creat_enemy_number += 10
53 self.number += 1
54 self.my_tank_lift += 1
55 self.creat_enemy(self.creat_enemy_number)
56 self.wall_list.clear()
57 self.creat_walls()
58 self.show_my_tank()
59 self.show_enemy_tank()
60 self.show_bullet(TankGame.enemy_bullet_list)
61 self.show_bullet(TankGame.my_bullet_list)
62 self.show_walls()
63 self.display.update()
64 time.sleep(0.02)
65
66 def show_my_tank(self):
67 if self.my_tank.live:
68 self.my_tank.display()
69 self.my_tank.tank_collide_tank()
70 self.my_tank.tank_collide_wall()
71 else:
72 Explode(self.my_tank, self.window).display_explode()
73 del self.my_tank
74 if self.my_tank_lift == 0:
75 self.end_game()
76 self.my_tank_lift -= 1
77 load_music( add )
78 self.my_tank = MyTank(MY_BIRTH_LEFT, MY_BIRTH_TOP, self.window)
79 if not self.my_tank.move_stop:
80 self.my_tank.move(self.my_tank.direction)
81
82 def show_enemy_tank(self):
83 for e in TankGame.enemy_tank_list:
84 e.random_move()
85 e.tank_collide_wall()
86 if e.live:
87 e.display()
88 else:
89 TankGame.enemy_tank_list.remove(e)
90 Explode(e, self.window).display_explode()
91 e.random_fire()
92
93 def show_bullet(self, ls):
94 for b in ls:
95 b.bullet_move()
96 b.bullet_collide_wall()
97 if ls is TankGame.my_bullet_list:
98 b.hit_enemy_tank()
99 b.bullet_collide_bullet()
100 else:
101 b.hit_my_tank(self.my_tank)
102 if b.live:
103 b.display_bullet()
104 else:
105 ls.remove(b)
106
107 def get_event(self):
108 global SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT
109 event_list = pygame.event.get()
110 for event in event_list:
111 if event.type == pygame.VIDEORESIZE:
112 SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT = event.size
113 self.window = self.display.set_mode([SCREEN_WIDTH, SCREEN_HEIGHT], pygame.RESIZABLE, 32)
114
115 if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
116 self.end_game()
117 if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
118 if event.key == pygame.K_w:
119 self.my_tank.direction = U
120 elif event.key == pygame.K_s:
121 self.my_tank.direction = D
122 elif event.key == pygame.K_a:
123 self.my_tank.direction = L
124 elif event.key == pygame.K_d:
125 self.my_tank.direction = R
126 else:
127 return None
128 self.my_tank.move_stop = False
129 elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
130 if len(TankGame.my_bullet_list) < 3:
131 bullet = self.my_tank.fire()
132 load_music( fire )
133 TankGame.my_bullet_list.append(bullet)
134 elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
135 self.my_tank.move_stop = True
136
137 def end_game(self):
138 self.display.quit()
139 sys.exit()
140
141 def draw_text(self, content):
142 text_sf = self.font.render(content, True, [255, 0, 0])
143 return text_sf
10. 入口
1if __name__ == __main__ :
2 g = TankGame()
3 g.start_game()
执行界面
到这儿我们的这个小游戏基本完成了，完整代码请点击原文提取
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