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图片来源:Sean McCann
雄性黑寡妇蜘蛛需要冒险来寻找配偶——因此它们沿着竞争者留下的蛛丝“搭便车”,从而更快的找到配偶。
冒着生命危险翻山越岭,
只为找到那个对的她
对雄性黑寡妇蜘蛛而言,找寻配偶充满了风险。“它们必须一场经历漫长而曲折的旅程。”多伦多大学(University of Toronto)的昆虫学家凯瑟琳·斯科特(Catherine Scott)说。
她的研究对象是加拿大温哥华岛上的蜘蛛种群,她说,这些蜘蛛只有12%能在沙丘和植物间的奔走攀爬中存活下来。并且,“它们的视力很差,并且常在夜间出没。”
因此,雄性蜘蛛寻找异性的一种方法就是“闻”:从远处闻蛛网上信息素的气味。然而,通过举办蜘蛛竞赛,斯科特又发现了它们寻找异性的另一种方法。
“在每一只雄性开始比赛前,我们会用小秤为它秤重、画上竞赛条纹记号、测量腿长。我们设置了一条终点线,那里有雌性在释放信息素……我们从距终点线不同的位置投放雄性,来看它们是否、以及多快到达雌性所在的蛛网。”
令他们惊讶的是……[查看全文]
Male Black Widows Poach Rivals' Approaches
For male black widow spiders, finding a mate is risky business. “They have to go on an epic journey.”
Catherine Scott, an arachnologist at the University of Toronto.
At the population she studies, on Canada’s Vancouver Island, she says the spiders have only a 12 percent chance of surviving their scramble over sand dunes and plants. And “they have very poor eyesight, and they’re traveling at night.”
So one way males find females is by sniffing, from afar, the pheromone perfume on their webs. But Scott has now discovered an alternative way males find mates: by subjecting the spiders to a race.
“For each male, before he started, we weighed him in on a tiny scale, and we painted him with racing stripes and measured the length of his legs. We had a finish line of pheromone-emitting females.... And we released males at various distances from those females to see whether they arrived at a female’s web or not and how fast they got there.”
What surprised them was…[read more]
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