This paper proposes a cloud energy storage (CES) model for enabling local renewable integration of building consumers (BCs). Different from most existing third-party based ES sharing models that the energy storage operator (ESO) gains profit by leasing energy or power capacity, our CES model allows the ESO to sell renewable utilization service (RUS) to its consumers, i.e., the total amount of local renewable generation shifted to supply their demand. Notably, we propose a quadratic price model for the ESO charging its consumers by their requested RUS and formulate their interactions as a Stackelberg game, which admits an equilibrium. We prove the CES model outperforms individual ES (IES) model in social welfare. Besides, we study the performance of the CES model compared with the IES model and an existing ES sharing model (referring to VES model) via case studies. We demonstrate the CES model can provide 2-4 times profit to the ESO than the VES model. Meanwhile, higher cost reduction for the BCs are secured by the CES model. Moreover, we show the CES model can achieve near social optima and high ES efficiency (i.e., utilization) which are not provided by the other ES models.
翻译:本文提议了一个云能储存模式,使建筑消费者能够就地可再生能源融入当地环境。与大多数现有的基于第三方的ES共享模式不同的是,能源储存运营商(ESO)通过租赁能源或电力能力获得利润,我们的ESS模式允许ESO向消费者出售可再生利用服务(RUS),即当地可再生能源的总量转向供应其需求。值得注意的是,我们提议了ESO的四级价格模式,要求其消费者按其要求向俄罗斯消费者收费,并将其互动发展为Stackelberg游戏,承认一种平衡。我们证明,ECS模式在社会福利方面优于单个ES(ESE)模式。此外,我们研究ECS模式与IES模式和现有的ES共享模式(参照VES模式)相比的绩效。我们证明,EC模式可以比VES模式提供2-4倍的利润。与此同时,CS模式可以确保BC公司更高的成本降低,这体现了CES模型在社会选择和高效率方面的成就。我们展示了CES模型,而其他模式则没有被利用。