Congestion Control in the Cellular-V2X Sidelink

This paper presents a detailed quantitative evaluation of standardised Decentralised Congestion Control (DCC) and packet dropping mechanisms for Cellular V2X (C-V2X). Based on the identified shortcomings, an Access layer DCC scheme, RRI adaptive, is then proposed. RRI adaptive accommodates the sidelink scheduling mechanism Sensing Based Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SB-SPS), eliminating incompatibilities between current standards and the scheduling mechanism, to avoid unnecessary and reoccurring collisions. Two variants are proposed; one is an evolution of the ETSI Reactive DCC mechanism and the other aligns with the 3GPP approach based on channel occupancy ratio (CR). Both approaches are compared with current ETSI and 3GPP standards and exhibit improved performance. An evaluation of existing DCC standards and RRI Adaptive to meet the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of vehicular cooperative awareness applications is also conducted.