The large-scale deployment of automated vehicles on public roads has the potential to vastly change the transportation modalities of today's society. Although this pursuit has been initiated decades ago, there still exist open challenges in reliably ensuring that such vehicles operate safely in open contexts. While functional safety is a well-established concept, the question of measuring the behavioral safety of a vehicle remains subject to research. One way to both objectively and computationally analyze traffic conflicts is the development and utilization of so-called criticality metrics. Contemporary approaches have leveraged the potential of criticality metrics in various applications related to automated driving, e.g. for computationally assessing the dynamic risk or filtering large data sets to build scenario catalogs. As a prerequisite to systematically choose adequate criticality metrics for such applications, we extensively review the state of the art of criticality metrics, their properties, and their applications in the context of automated driving. Based on this review, we propose a suitability analysis as a methodical tool to be used by practitioners. Both the proposed method and the state of the art review can then be harnessed to select well-suited measurement tools that cover an application's requirements, as demonstrated by an exemplary execution of the analysis. Ultimately, efficient, valid, and reliable measurements of an automated vehicle's safety performance are a key requirement for demonstrating its trustworthiness.
翻译:在公共道路上大规模部署自动化车辆有可能大大改变当今社会的运输方式。虽然这项工作是几十年前开始的,但在可靠地确保这类车辆在开放环境中安全运行方面仍然存在一些公开的挑战。功能安全是一个既定的概念,但衡量车辆行为安全的问题仍然有待研究。客观和计算分析交通冲突的方法之一是开发和利用所谓的临界度指标。现代方法利用了与自动化驾驶有关的各种应用中关键度度度度度度度值的潜力,例如,对动态风险进行计算评估或过滤大型数据集以建立情景目录。作为系统选择此类应用的适当临界度度度度度度度度的前提条件,我们广泛审视车辆临界度度度度度度、特性及其在自动化驾驶过程中的应用情况。根据这一审查,我们提议以适当性分析为方法工具,供从业人员使用。然后,可以利用拟议的方法和艺术审查状况来选择精确度度度度工具,用以计算动态风险或过滤大型数据集。作为系统选择这类应用度度度度度度度度度度度度度度度度标准的先决条件,我们广泛审查临界度度度度度度度度度度度、其性性、度度度度度度、度度度度度度度度度、度度度度度、度度度、度度度度度度度、度度度度度、度、度、度度度度、度度度度度度度度度度度度度度度、度度、度、度度度度度度度度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度度、度、度、度、度、度度度、度、度度度度度、度、度、度、度、度、度度度度度度、度度度度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度、度