Quantum information, computation and communication, will have a great impact on our world. One important subfield will be quantum networking and the quantum Internet. The purpose of a quantum Internet is to enable applications that are fundamentally out of reach for the classical Internet. Quantum networks enable new capabilities to communication systems. This allows the parties to generate long distance quantum entanglement, which serves a number of tasks including the generation of multiparty shared secrets whose security relies only on the laws of physics, distributed quantum computing, improved sensing, quantum computing on encrypted data, and secure private-bid auctions. However, quantum signals are fragile, and, in general, cannot be copied or amplified. In order to enable widespread use and application development, it is essential to develop methods that allow quantum protocols to connect to the underlying hardware implementation transparently and to make fast and reactive decisions for generating entanglement in the network to mitigate limited qubit lifetimes. Architectures for large-scale quantum internetworking are in development, paralleling theoretical and experimental work on physical layers and low-level error management and connection technologies. This chapter aims to present the main concepts, challenges, and opportunities for research in quantum information, quantum computing and quantum networking.
翻译:量子信息、计算和通信对我们的世界产生了巨大的影响。量子网络与量子互联网是其中一个重要的子领域。量子互联网的目的是实现传统互联网无法实现的应用。量子网络赋予通信系统新的能力。这允许各方生成远距离的量子纠缠,其中包括生成仅依靠物理定律的多方共享密钥、分布式量子计算、改进的感应、加密数据量子计算和安全私人竞标拍卖。然而,量子信号很脆弱,通常无法复制或放大。为了实现广泛的使用和应用开发,必须开发能够使量子协议与底层硬件实现透明地连接并快速反应以生成网络中的纠缠来缓解有限的量子比特生命的方法。在大规模量子互联网的体系结构开发中,与物理层和低级别错误管理和连接技术相关的理论和实验工作同步进行。本章旨在介绍量子信息、量子计算和量子网络的主要概念、挑战和研究机会。