现代医学超声内窥镜仪

项目名称： 现代医学超声内窥镜仪

项目编号： No.60827005

项目类型： 专项基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 机械、仪表工业

项目作者： 郁道银

作者单位： 天津大学

项目金额： 100万元

中文摘要： 现代医学超声内窥镜仪将微型超声扫描探头经电子内窥镜的活检钳道送入人体，用于对人体内腔器官进行断层成像，协助医生诊断发生于人体内腔器官表皮下的早期癌变。超声内窥成像属于非侵入性超声诊断技术，内镜超声探头距病变部位近，无腹腔壁衰减，不受胃肠道气体干扰，因而较体外超声成像能获得更清晰的图像。现代医学超声内窥镜仪包括内镜超声探头和超声内窥成像系统。针对国外产品因电机后置导致探头使用寿命短的缺点，本项目在国际上首次研制出微型超声电机前置驱动换能器旋转的内镜超声探头，显著提高了内镜超声探头的使用寿命，在国际上处于领先水平。在成像算法方面，采用了编码激励技术提高超声发射功率和信噪比，采用合成孔径技术提高了成像分辨率。相关技术共授权日本发明专利1项，中国发明专利2项，申请中国发明专利3项。项目研制成现代医学超声内窥镜仪原理样机一台。

中文关键词： 超声内窥；内镜超声探头；编码激励；合成孔径；

英文摘要： Medical ultrasonic endoscope has been used broadly in clinical practice to examine internal organs by sending a micro-ultrasonic probe into the coelom through the biopsy channel of the electronic endoscope. Through rotary scanning, one can obtain cross-sectional images to determine whether or not the precancerous tissues are buried in the parenchyma. Endoscopic Ultrasonography System (EUS) belongs to the noninvasive diagnostic technology. Compared with the in-vitro ultrasound instruments, EUS can obtain sharper images without the interruption of gastrointestinal gas and attenuation of the abdominal wall. A novel ultrasound endoscope has been developed which uses a endoscopic ultrasonic motor situated at the tip of the endoscope to rotate the transducer. The micro-ultrasonic motor replaces the long steel wire utilized in other ultrasonic endoscopes. Since the motor is steady and durable, the life-span of the ultrasound endoscope using this motor has been extended greatly. The SNR and resolution are both the vital parts of image quality, therefore, coded excitation and synthetic aperture technique have been used to process the weak signal received by the Endoscopic ultrasonic probe. The design above has been authorized 1 patent by Japan and 2 patents by China, and applied 3 patents in China. In the end, a principle prototype has been developed.

英文关键词： Medical ultrasonic endoscope; endoscopic ultrasonic probe; coded excitation; synthetic aperture;