硫化钼多孔三维自支撑负极的构筑及其储锂性能

项目名称： 硫化钼多孔三维自支撑负极的构筑及其储锂性能

项目编号： No.51502183

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 陈煜

作者单位： 苏州大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 锂离子电池具备较高的能量密度和较长的使用寿命，是便携电子设备和电动汽车的关键元件，相关研究已成为储能领域的重要前沿。负极是锂离子电池储锂的重要部件，可以通过选择新型负极材料和改进负极结构设计两方面来解决负极电化学容量不高这一核心科学问题，本申请针对现有新型负极材料在充放电过程中体积变化过大、负极结构中含无容量添加剂的问题，提出了利用硫化钼纳米片构建多孔三维自支撑负极体系的研究思路。拟在硫化钼纳米片表面修饰聚合物层，作为防止纳米片团聚的分隔物、孔洞结构的牺牲模板、以及碳层的前驱物，并通过合理的干燥烧结过程得到硫化钼多孔三维自支撑负极。拟利用硫化钼电化学容量高、充放电时体积变化较小，纳米片锂离子扩散距离短、比表面积出众，以及三维自支撑结构无需添加剂、微观宏观形貌均可控的优点，通过控制纳米片尺寸、聚合反应条件、及干燥烧结过程，精确调控孔洞结构，发展高容量、高倍率且循环稳定的锂离子电池负极体系。

中文关键词： 硫化钼；自支撑负极；电化学性能；结构调控；锂离子电池

英文摘要： Lithium ion batteries (LIB), with high energy density and long cycle life, are key components of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. Its related research has become an important frontier in the field of energy storage. Anode is a crucial part for a LIB to store lithium ions. By choosing new anode materials and improving anode design, the electrochemical capacity of anode can be improved. However, newly developed anode materials exhibit huge volume changes during charge/discharge processes. Besides, existing anode designs contain additives which provide no electrochemical capacity. Aiming at these problems, this proposal will raise an approach of constructing porous 3D free-standing anode using molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets. Polymeric layers, as spacers to prevent the restacking of nanosheets, sacrificial templates of porous structure, and precursors of carbon layers, will be decorated on the surfaces of MoS2 nanosheets. Subsequently, with well-controlled drying and calcination processes, a porous 3D free-standing MoS2 anode can be obtained. This proposal will utilize the high electrochemical capacity and small volume change during charge/discharge processes of MoS2, short diffusion length and outstanding surface area of nanosheets, together with the absence of additive and controllable micro- and macro-morphologies of 3D free-standing structure. Also, by regulating the dimensions of nanosheets, polymerization conditions, and drying/calcination processes, this proposal aims to develop a LIB anode system with high capacity, good rate capability, and stable cycling performance.

英文关键词： molybdenum disulfide;free-standing anode;electrochemical performance;architectural control;lithium-ion batteries