"嫦娥"卫星表面大的充电事件和高能电子流爆发的联动效应研究：高能电子使月表充电达负上千伏？

项目名称： "嫦娥"卫星表面大的充电事件和高能电子流爆发的联动效应研究：高能电子使月表充电达负上千伏？

项目编号： No.41204128

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2013

项目学科： 地球物理学和空间物理学

项目作者： 王馨悦

作者单位： 中国科学院空间科学与应用研究中心

项目金额： 25万元

中文摘要： 表面充放电是给人类空间活动带来灾害性影响的诱因之一。带电粒子和太阳UV直接轰击月球，使月球和附近物体表面充电，可导致不可预期的放电、或使月表尘埃输运等。迄今为止，造成月表充电的研究集中在等离子体、太阳UV和太阳质子事件时的高能带电粒子注入上，空间环境宁静期间月球经历的地球磁尾或太阳风中频发的高能电子流爆发对月表电势的影响研究很少。我们已发现高能电子流爆发时"嫦娥"探月卫星表面充电达负上千伏的现象，初步分析表明这种现象应由注入的高能电子引起，由此引出了高能电子流爆发能否引起月表充电达负上千伏的问题。通过引入高能电子的幂律谱分布函数，利用等效电路法建立表面充电模型，我们将验证在高能电子流爆发期间，(1)高能电子是诱发飞船表面充电达负上千伏的主要因素；(2)高能电子能使月表充电,充电强度甚至高达负几千伏。本研究有助于我们进一步认识月球环境及其效应，并为类月天体的航天工程安全设计提供帮助。

中文关键词： 月球；表面充电；高能电子急剧增加事件；等离子体；嫦娥一号/二号

英文摘要： Surface charging have significant impact on the activities in space of human beings. Surface charging and discharging may cause the spacecraft failures, or dust electrostatic transportation. The lunar surface and its orbiters are exposed to solar UV, ambient plasma and energetic particles. Photoelectrons, ambient plasma and energetic particles impact contribute to the incident positive or negative charging currents, all of which cause the surface to become electrically charging. However, the studies of lunar surface charging are not concerned with the phenomena of the surface charging response to the bursts of energetic electrons (up to ~100 keV) during quiet times. The first observation results suggest that the surface of Chang'E-1 charging to negative kilovolts was caused by the bursts of energetic electrons. So the objective of our research is to verify the frequent bursts of energetic electrons observed by Chang'E-1 on lunar orbit can cause the lunar surface charging to several negative kilovolts. We will use the equivalent circuit method to model the surface charging and the power-low distribution to model the energetic electrons spectrum during the bursts of energetic electrons events. And we will verify that (1) the energetic electron is the dominating cause of the spacecraft surface charging to negative

英文关键词： Lunar；Surface charging；Bursts of energetic electrons；Plasma；Chang’E-1 and 2