芳香族聚酰亚胺合成新方法与新型高性能聚合物材料

项目名称： 芳香族聚酰亚胺合成新方法与新型高性能聚合物材料

项目编号： No.51473002

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2015

项目学科： 一般工业技术

项目作者： 宛新华

作者单位： 北京大学

项目金额： 100万元

中文摘要： 聚酰亚胺是涉及经济建设、科技进步、社会发展和国家安全等众多领域的不可或缺的战略物质和重要基础材料。由于不熔不溶导致的成型加工困难，先合成可加工性好的前驱体聚合物，然后制备实用制品和高温环化是芳香族聚酰亚胺工程化最常用的工艺路线，但存在着前驱体溶液不稳定、高温环化时主链易降解、小分子副产物的脱除会产生结构缺陷等问题，制约了其潜在性能的充分发挥。该课题拟基于申请人最近发现的一个酰亚胺化新反应，建立芳香族聚酰亚胺合成的新途径和新单体体系，从根本上克服现有合成工艺的固有缺点。采用实验研究与理论计算相结合的方法深入、系统地研究新亚胺化反应的机理、动力学及适用范围，了解前驱体聚合物的合成和亚胺化过程中链结构和聚集态结构形成及演变的规律，掌握有效的调控手段。设计、合成液晶性前驱体聚合物，获得力学性能优异的聚酰亚胺材料，形成自主知识产权，为发展我国独特的高性能聚酰亚胺材料结构设计和可控制备理论奠定基础。

中文关键词： 聚酰亚胺；合成新方法；结构与性能；液晶；高性能高分子材料

英文摘要： Polyimides are strategic and fundamental raw materials indispensable to economic construction, progress in science and technology, social development, and national security. The preparation of aromatic polyimides is frequently accomplished by a two-stage process due to their insoluble and infusible property. The first stage involves an amidation reaction carried out in a polar aprotic solvent to produce a high-molecular-weight poly(amic acid). Processing of the polymer into the desired physical form of the final product can be accomplished only prior to the second stage, where the poly(amic acid) is cyclodehydrated to the polyimide by heating at high temperatures. This process endures several drawbacks. The poly(amic acid) is prone to hydrolytic cleavage and has relatively poor storage stability unless kept cold and dry during storage. The second-stage solid-state cyclization reaction may cause decomposition of polymer main chain. And the removal of low molecular mass by-products produces defects. All these provent the full achievement of potential advantages of polyimides. In this project, we plan to development a novel synthetic route to aromatic polyimides based on a new imidization reaction we found recently. By a combination of practical study and theoretical calculation, the reaction mechanism, kinetics and compounds suitable for this reaction will be investigated.The formation, transition, and mediation of chain structure and condensed state structure of precursor polymers during polycondensation and imidization will also be studied. Liquid crystalline precursor polymers will be designed and prepared to obtain polyimides with high strength and high modulus as well as proprietary intellectual property rights. The implementation of this project will lay the foundations of developing a unique theory for the structure design and controlled preparation of high performance polyimides.

英文关键词： polyimide;novel synthetic method;structure and property;liquid crystal;high performance polymeric materials