纳米催化剂分散性对燃烧稳定性的影响机理

项目名称： 纳米催化剂分散性对燃烧稳定性的影响机理

项目编号： No.50876046

项目类型： 面上项目

立项/批准年度： 2009

项目学科： 金属学与金属工艺

项目作者： 杨毅

作者单位： 南京理工大学

项目金额： 33万元

中文摘要： 为了提高纳米催化剂的分散状态，项目通过制备纳米NiB/Al复合催化剂和纳米CuO/AP复合粒子，实现了对纳米催化剂的有效预分散。通过改进捏合工艺技术，掌握了针对纳米催化剂的分散技术参数，有效改善了体系的燃烧性能和燃烧稳定性。通过研究含不同分散状态纳米催化剂体系的热分解性能、燃烧热、爆热、燃烧速度、压力指数等，掌握了纳米催化剂分散性对体系燃烧性能的影响关系。研究发现，通过纳米复合粒子的预分散和适当延长捏合时间，均可有效提高纳米催化剂的分散性，并可改善体系的各项燃烧性能参数。然而，过长的捏合时间不但增加能耗、降低生产效率，还会导致纳米催化剂再团聚、分散性降低，体系性能下降的问题。通过研究纳米催化剂元素分布表征法、燃烧产物活性铝分析法，建立了纳米粒子在体系中的分散性综合评价技术。研究发现，通过引入纳米催化剂含量分布的相对标准偏差，能可靠评价纳米催化剂的分散性，从而可有效评价体系的燃烧性能。 通过项目研究，发表期刊论文21篇（英文论文8篇），被EI收录14篇，SCI收录9篇；会议论文8篇（英文3篇）；申请专利3项，获1项授权；培养硕士10名，博士2名。

中文关键词： 纳米催化剂；分散性；燃烧性能；评价方法

英文摘要： To improve the dispersibility of nanocatalysts, nano-NiB/Al composite catalyst and nano-CuO/AP composite have been prepared in this project. The dispersing techniques for nanocatalysts have been studied by improving the kneading technology. As a consequence, the combustion performances and burning stability of propellant have been enhanced obviously. The effect of the dispersibility of nanocatalysts on the combustion performances of propellant have been researched in the heat decomposition, combustion heat, explosive heat, burning rate and pressure exponent. The results indicated that the dispersibility of nanocatalysts as well as the combustion performances of propellant can both improved evidently by the pre-dispersing of nano-composite preparation and the prolonging of kneading time. However, over kneading could lead to not only increasing energy consume and reducing the production efficiency, but also resulting to the reuniting of nanocatalysts and decreasing the dispersibility of nanocatalysts. As a result, the complex performances of propellant would be decreased. Based on the study on the characterization on the distribution of the specify elements of nanocatalysts, the collection and testing of burning aerosols and the analysis of active aluminum in the burning residue, the assessment methods for the dispersibility of nanocatalysts have been build up. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the content of nanocatalysts has been employed efficiently to assess the dispersibility of nanocatalysts and the combustion performances of propellant. With the financial support of this project, twenty one periodical papers, including 8 in English, have been published and cited by EI for 14 and SCI for 9. Furthermore, eight conference papers, including 3 in English, have been presented. Three patents have been applied and one has been authorized. Ten master degrees and two doctors (Ph.D.) degrees have been awarded with the support of this project.

英文关键词： Nanometer catalyst; Dispersibility; Combustion performance; Assessment method