特朗普拟要求政府资助论文立即开放获取？学术出版社急了！

2020 年 1 月 12 日 学术头条

据知情人士透露，特朗普政府正在考虑，通过行政命令要求联邦政府经费资助的所有研究成果的论文立即免费向公众开放。

本周三，包括美爱思唯尔、威立、麦克伦米伦、麦格劳希尔和新英格兰医学杂志在内的 125 家学术出版社（名单后附）联合签署了一封致特朗普总统的信，对这一想法表示“深切关注”，他们认为这可能“损害从事创建高质量同行评审期刊和研究文章的美国机构的知识产权。”

这封信强调了美国科学研究在为美国经济利益服务方面所发挥的作用，因为受版权保护的期刊文章“授权给成百上千的外国用户使用，创造了数十亿美元的出口额，支撑着大量的美国企业和就业岗位”。

尽管消息在正式公布前就造成了强烈反应。但美国科学技术政策办公室传播总监不愿就此发表评论，“我们不会对可能会或可能不会发生的内部审议过程发表评论。”

不过，这并没有阻止科学协会和学术协会。

不仅这些机构在担心。上周，参议院司法知识产权小组委员会主席汤姆·蒂利斯 (R-NC)参议员给美国商务部和白宫发送私人信函，对该项可能执行的“将要求科学期刊文章立刻免费获取”的行政命令表示关切。

蒂利斯写道，这样的政策变化“可能构成政府对本来运转良好的私人市场的重大干预，这会让医生、科学研究人员和其他人选择如何发表这些重要的科学成果。”

开放获取政策

Too much science is locked behind paywalls.

Annette Elizabeth Allen

这一可能的政策变化不是白宫第一次宣称对科学出版的权威。

2013 年，美国科学技术政策办公室（US Office of Technology and Technology Policy）制定了一项新规则，要求由联邦资助的科学研究成果在发表的 12 个月后将免费提供给公众。在此之前，学术期刊出版社通常声称拥有其发表文章的版权，并以此支撑他们现有的订阅商业模式。

美国出版商协会表示支持 2013 年的这项措施，称其“合理、平衡地解决了由联邦机构资助的研究被公众获取的问题。”

在周三发表的公开信中，该组织及其 125 多名合作者认为，规定将研究成果的论文立即免费开放获取“将使大多数美国出版商很难投资出版这些文章。”

来自大约 60 个科学学会的第二封公开信希望特朗普政府在制定任何新的政策前，先与出版商和其他有关方面进行合作。

笔者的话：

学术出版社们宣称这项拟议的政策将“损害从事创建高质量同行评审期刊和研究文章的美国机构的知识产权”。但众所周知，研究文章是由政府资金资助，由科研人员投入劳动生产的。出版商以出版为由，要求科研人员放弃版权以换取出版。

打个比方说，政府出资，科研人员出力，共同盖了间房子。入住前，科研人员委托装修公司（也就是出版社）做室内装修。完工后，装修公司换了锁，理直气壮地对科研人员说：“装修费就用房子产权来换吧。”

获取公开信请点击下方“阅读原文”：

公开信的签署名单如下:

AMDA – The Society for Post-Acute and Long-Term Care Medicine

American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

American Academy of Family Physicians

American Academy of Neurology

American Academy of Ophthalmology

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

American Academy of Otolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery

American Academy of Pediatrics

American Association for Anatomy

American Association for Cancer Research

American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus

American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases

American Association for the Surgery of Trauma

American Association of Immunologists

American Association of Occupational Health Nurses

American Association of Physicists in Medicine

American Astronomical Society

American Cancer Society

American Ceramic Society

American Chemical Society

American College of Cardiology

American College of Emergency Physicians

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists

American College of Physicians

American College of Radiology

American College of Rheumatology

American College of Surgeons

American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages

American Counseling Association

American Dental Association

American Diabetes Association

American Gastroenterological Association

American Geophysical Union

American Geriatrics Society

American Headache Society

American Heart Association

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics

American Institute of Chemical Engineers

American Oil Chemists Society

American Medical Association

American Neurological Association

American Physiological Society

American Psychological Association

American Sexually Transmitted Diseases Association

American Society for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics

American Society for Nutrition

American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

American Society for Bone and Mineral Research

American Society for Gene & Cell Therapy

American Society for Clinical Pathology

American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Association

American Society for Investigative Pathology

American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition

American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

American Society for Radiation Oncology

American Society of Anesthesiologists

American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers

American Society of Agronomy

American Society of Animal Science

American Society of Civil Engineers

American Society of Clinical Oncology

American Society of Cytopathology

American Society of Health-System Pharmacists

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air-Conditioning Engineers

American Society of Hematology

American Society of Mechanical Engineers

American Society of Nephrology

American Society of Neurorehabilitation (ASNR)

American Society of Plant Biologists

American Society of Plastic Surgeons

American Society of Transplantation

American Society of Transplant Surgeons

American Thoracic Society

American Urological Association

American Water Works Association

Association for Computing Machinery

Association for Molecular Pathology

Association for Psychological Science

Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography

Association of American Publishers

Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health

Association of Teacher Educators

Biophysical Society

Common Ground Research Networks

Council of Medical Specialty Societies

Council of Scientific Society Presidents

Crop Science Society of America

Ecological Society of America

Elsevier

Endocrine Society

Financial Management Association

Genetics Society of America

Infectious Diseases Society of America

Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences

Institute of Industrial and Systems Engineers

International Anesthesia Research Society

International Literacy Association

International Society for Sexual Medicine

Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology, Diabetes Technology Society

Kappa Delta Pi, International Honor Society in Education

Macmillan

McGraw-Hill Education

Milbank Memorial Fund

National Council on Family Relations

National Kidney Foundation

New England Journal of Medicine published by the Massachusetts Medical Society

Orthopaedic Research Society

Radiological Society of North America

Seismological Society of America

Shock Society

Society for Leukocyte Biology

Society for Research on Adolescence

Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues

Society for Research in Child Development

Society of Plastics Engineers

Soil Science Society of America

Software and Information Industry Association

The Heart Rhythm Society

The Histochemical Society

The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, Inc.

The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society

The Optical Society

The Triological Society

The Voice Foundation

University of Chicago Press

U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Wiley

Wolters Kluwer

新闻来源：

https://www.edsurge.com/news/2019-12-18-academic-publishers-and-a-u-s-senator-resist-possible-policy-change-on-open-access

https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/newsreleases/2019/december/acs-joins-other-publishers-in-letter-opposing-administrations-changes-to-open-access-policy.html

https://newsroom.publishers.org/researchers-and-publishers-oppose-immediate-free-distribution-of-peer-reviewed-journal-articles/