金属碳化物基低铂介孔催化材料的合成、界面设计与电催化性能研究

项目名称： 金属碳化物基低铂介孔催化材料的合成、界面设计与电催化性能研究

项目编号： No.21501125

项目类型： 青年科学基金项目

立项/批准年度： 2016

项目学科： 数理科学和化学

项目作者： 吴张雄

作者单位： 苏州大学

项目金额： 20万元

中文摘要： 铂催化剂在燃料电池等能源装置中发挥重要作用，但其资源有限、成本昂贵；稳定性难以满足需求。为改善这一局面，本项目提出以过渡金属碳化物（TMCs）为基础，构建金属@金属碳化物（M@TMCs）纳米结构，开发高效低铂、无铂催化材料。其核心是：合成高比表面积的金属碳化物材料，以提高其自身的催化活性，并分散后续引入的活性金属；构建金属与金属碳化物直接接触的亲密界面纳米复合材料（intimate nano-hybrids），以优化二者的催化协同效应及稳定性。为实现上述目的，项目拟采取模板法，合成高比表面积的金属（钨、钼等）碳化物介孔材料；进一步调变实验参数，调节金属碳化物的界面化学性质；然后采取原位与后负载的方法引入活性金属组分（铂、钯、钴等），构建界面亲密接触（intimately contacted）的金属@金属碳化物纳米结构材料；最后研究它们在氧气还原等催化反应中的性能与构效关系。

中文关键词： 介孔材料；金属碳化物；模板合成；纳米结构；氧气还原反应

英文摘要： Platinum (Pt) is a common catalyst in many catalytic reactions associated with energy conversion and utilization, such as fuel cells. However, the high cost and scarcity of Pt, and their insufficient stability limit large-scale implementation of Pt catalysts. To overcome these issues, this project proposes the construction of low- and non-Pt catalysts based on mesoporous transition metal carbides (TMCs). Conceptually, active metal nanoparticles are highly stabilized by mesoporous TMCs to form novel nano-hybrids with intimate interface contact. The key innovative elements for the project include the synthesis of mesoporous TMCs with high surface areas to maximize the catalytic activity of TMCs themselves and stabilize active metal components, and the construction of intimate metal@TMCs (M@TMCs) nano-hybrids to optimize their catalytic synergistic effects and stability. To realize the catalyst configuration, this project proposes the utilization and exploration of templating methods to synthesize a series of mesoporous TMCs, including self-supported mesoporous TMCs and mesoporous carbon supported TMC nanoparticles. With the manipulation of experimental parameters, the interfacial structure and chemical composition of the TMCs will be adjusted. Then, through in-situ and post loading methods, active metal nanoparticles will be loaded onto the interface of the mesoporous TMCs with direct contact between metal and TMCs to form intimate nano-hybrids. Finally, their catalytic performance in oxygen reduction reaction, along with the structure-performance relationship, will be studied. The success of this project will not only provides novel approaches on the synthesis of TMCs with high surface areas and tailored nanostructures, but also provides a cost-effective low-Pt or even non-Pt platform for various catalytic applications associated with energy conversion.

英文关键词： mesoporous material;metal carbide;templating synthesis;nanostructure;oxygen reduction reaction