The advent of sixth-generation (6G) places intelligence at the core of wireless architecture, fusing perception, communication, and computation into a single closed-loop. This paper argues that large artificial intelligence models (LAMs) can endow base stations with perception, reasoning, and acting capabilities, thus transforming them into intelligent base station agents (IBSAs). We first review the historical evolution of BSs from single-functional analog infrastructure to distributed, software-defined, and finally LAM-empowered IBSA, highlighting the accompanying changes in architecture, hardware platforms, and deployment. We then present an IBSA architecture that couples a perception-cognition-execution pipeline with cloud-edge-end collaboration and parameter-efficient adaptation. Subsequently,we study two representative scenarios: (i) cooperative vehicle-road perception for autonomous driving, and (ii) ubiquitous base station support for low-altitude uncrewed aerial vehicle safety monitoring and response against unauthorized drones. On this basis, we analyze key enabling technologies spanning LAM design and training, efficient edge-cloud inference, multi-modal perception and actuation, as well as trustworthy security and governance. We further propose a holistic evaluation framework and benchmark considerations that jointly cover communication performance, perception accuracy, decision-making reliability, safety, and energy efficiency. Finally, we distill open challenges on benchmarks, continual adaptation, trustworthy decision-making, and standardization. Together, this work positions LAM-enabled IBSAs as a practical path toward integrated perception, communication, and computation native, safety-critical 6G systems.


翻译:第六代移动通信系统(6G)的到来将智能置于无线架构的核心,将感知、通信与计算融合为一个单一闭环。本文认为,大型人工智能模型能够赋予基站感知、推理与行动能力,从而将其转变为智能基站代理。我们首先回顾了基站从单一功能的模拟基础设施,到分布式、软件定义,最终发展为LAM赋能的IBSA的历史演进,重点阐述了伴随而来的架构、硬件平台与部署方式的变化。接着,我们提出了一种IBSA架构,该架构将感知-认知-执行流程与云-边-端协同及参数高效适配相结合。随后,我们研究了两个代表性场景:(i)面向自动驾驶的车路协同感知,以及(ii)基站泛在支持低空无人驾驶航空器安全监测及对未授权无人机的响应。在此基础上,我们分析了关键使能技术,涵盖LAM设计与训练、高效的边云推理、多模态感知与驱动,以及可信的安全与治理。我们进一步提出了一个整体评估框架和基准考量,该框架联合覆盖通信性能、感知精度、决策可靠性、安全性与能效。最后,我们提炼了关于基准测试、持续适配、可信决策与标准化方面的开放挑战。总之,本工作将LAM赋能的IBSA定位为实现原生融合感知、通信与计算的安全关键型6G系统的一条可行路径。

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