Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful, mesh-free paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, they notoriously struggle with stiff, multi-scale, and nonlinear systems due to the inherent spectral bias of standard multilayer perceptron (MLP) architectures, which prevents them from adequately representing high-frequency components. In this work, we introduce the Adaptive Spectral Physics-Enabled Network (ASPEN), a novel architecture designed to overcome this critical limitation. ASPEN integrates an adaptive spectral layer with learnable Fourier features directly into the network's input stage. This mechanism allows the model to dynamically tune its own spectral basis during training, enabling it to efficiently learn and represent the precise frequency content required by the solution. We demonstrate the efficacy of ASPEN by applying it to the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE), a canonical and challenging benchmark for nonlinear, stiff spatio-temporal dynamics. Our results show that a standard PINN architecture catastrophically fails on this problem, diverging into non-physical oscillations. In contrast, ASPEN successfully solves the CGLE with exceptional accuracy. The predicted solution is visually indistinguishable from the high-resolution ground truth, achieving a low median physics residual of 5.10 x 10^-3. Furthermore, we validate that ASPEN's solution is not only pointwise accurate but also physically consistent, correctly capturing emergent physical properties, including the rapid free energy relaxation and the long-term stability of the domain wall front. This work demonstrates that by incorporating an adaptive spectral basis, our framework provides a robust and physically-consistent solver for complex dynamical systems where standard PINNs fail, opening new options for machine learning in challenging physical domains.


翻译:物理信息神经网络(PINNs)已成为求解偏微分方程(PDEs)的一种强大且无需网格的范式。然而,由于标准多层感知器(MLP)架构固有的谱偏差,它们难以充分表示高频分量,因此在处理刚性、多尺度和非线性系统时存在众所周知的困难。本文提出自适应谱物理启发性网络(ASPEN),这是一种旨在克服这一关键局限性的新型架构。ASPEN将具有可学习傅里叶特征的自适应谱层直接集成到网络的输入阶段。该机制使模型能够在训练过程中动态调整其自身的谱基,从而有效学习和表示解所需的精确频率成分。我们通过将ASPEN应用于复杂的金兹堡-朗道方程(CGLE)来证明其有效性,该方程是非线性刚性时空动力学的一个经典且具有挑战性的基准。我们的结果表明,标准的PINN架构在此问题上会灾难性地失败,并陷入非物理振荡。相比之下,ASPEN成功地以极高的精度求解了CGLE。其预测解与高分辨率真实解在视觉上难以区分,实现了5.10×10^-3的低中位数物理残差。此外,我们验证了ASPEN的解不仅具有逐点准确性,而且在物理上具有一致性,能够正确捕捉涌现的物理特性,包括自由能的快速弛豫和畴壁前沿的长期稳定性。这项工作表明,通过引入自适应谱基,我们的框架为复杂动力系统提供了一个稳健且物理一致的求解器,适用于标准PINNs失效的场景,从而为机器学习在具有挑战性的物理领域中的应用开辟了新途径。

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